Denn Nolte fasst in seiner Faschismustheorie nicht nur den deutschen Nationalsozialismus und den italienischen Faschismus Mussolinis, sondern auch die Action française, eine rechtsextreme französische Bewegung der Dritten Republik, zusammen, deren Rassenantisemitismus unmittelbar auf die Weltanschauung Hitlers vorausweise. ): Jahrbuchs für die Geschichte Mittel- und Ostdeutschlands, Konrad-Adenauer-Preis der Deutschland-Stiftung, Friedhof der St.-Matthias-Gemeinde (Berlin-Tempelhof), „Vergangenheit, die nicht vergehen will.“ Anlass zum sogenannten Historikerstreit, „Religion vom absoluten Bösen“: Der Historiker Ernst Nolte über den „Historikerstreit“, Gott und den Islamismus, Zum Tod von Ernst Nolte. Ernst Nolte starb im Alter von 93 Jahren nach kurzer, schwerer Krankheit. [101] In a June 2006 interview with the newspaper Die Welt, Nolte echoed theories that he had first expressed in The Three Faces of Fascism by identifging Islamic fundamentalism as a "third variant", after communism and National Socialism, of "the resistance to transcendence". Er war einer der wichtigsten deutschen Historiker der Nachkriegszeit. 100 1 _ ‎‡a Nolte, Ernst, ‏ ‎‡d 1923-2016 ‏ 100 1 _ ‎‡a Nolte, Ernst, ‏ ‎‡d 1923-2016. [11] Nolte defined the relationship between fascism and Marxism as such: Fascism is anti-Marxism which seeks to destroy the enemy by the evolvement of a radically opposed and yet related ideology and by the use of almost identical and yet typically modified methods, always, however within the unyielding framework of national self-assertion and autonomy.[12]. Victor Farias' Buch ", "Das Vor-Urteil als "Strenge Wissenschaft." It is probable that many of these reports were exaggerated. Sponsored Links. 253–63 from, Grab, Walter “German Historians and The Trivialization of Nazi Criminality” pp. [82] Ian Kershaw wrote that Nolte was claiming that the Jews had essentially brought the Holocaust down on themselves, and were the authors of their own misfortunes in the Shoah. Nolte's parents were Heinrich Nolte, a school rector, and Anna (née Bruns) Nolte. [16] Drawing upon the work of Max Weber, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Karl Marx, Nolte argued that the progress of both types of "transcendence" generates fear as the older world is swept aside by a new world, and that these fears led to fascism. [90] Nolte's defenders have pointed to numerous statements on his part condemning Nazi Germany and the Holocaust. [93], Nolte often contributed Feuilleton (opinion pieces) to German newspapers such as Die Welt and the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. 584–606 from, “Zur Phänomenologie des Faschismus” pp. [13] The first type, "practical transcendence", manifesting in material progress, technological change, political equality, and social advancement, comprises the process by which humanity liberates itself from traditional, hierarchical societies in favor of societies where all men and women are equal. 529–550 from, "Marxismus und Nationalsozialismus" pp. Weitere Bedeutungen sind unter. Jump to navigation Jump to search. Nolte defined "transcendence" as a "metapolitical" force comprising two types of change. Hans-Heinrich Nolte (* 24. [51], The philosopher Jürgen Habermas in an article in the Die Zeit of 11 July 1986 strongly criticized Nolte, along with Andreas Hillgruber and Michael Stürmer, for engaging in what Habermas called “apologetic” history writing in regards to the Nazi era, and for seeking to “close Germany’s opening to the West” that in Habermas's view has existed since 1945. [32] In a letter to the editor of the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung on November 29, 1986, Löwenthal argued the case for a "fundamental difference" in mass murder between Germany and the Soviet Union, and against the "equalizing" of various crimes in the 20th century. Nolte interessiere „sich für Ideologie, von der Wirklichkeit redet er selten“. [citation needed] Nolte is by his own admission an intense German nationalist and his stated goal is to restore the Germans' sense of pride in their history that he feels has been missing since 1945. 404–424 from, Shorten, Richard "Europe’s Twentieth Century In Retrospect? Paul Nolte (* 28. [80] Nolte called the case of arson "terrorism", and maintained that the attack was inspired by his opponents in the Historikerstreit.[80]. Pol Pot, the rat torture, and the fate of the Armenians are all extraneous to any serious discussion of Nazism; Mussolini’s Italy is not. Nach der – an Max Weber angelehnten – typologischen Methode werden als allgemeine Merkmale des Faschismus Antimarxismus, Antiliberalismus, Nationalismus, Gewalt und Propaganda ermittelt, wobei Nolte selbst auf die Grenzen dieses Verfahrens verweist, da Rassismus oder Antisemitismus hier keine definitorische Rolle spielen. In Kershaw's opinion, Nolte is attempting to imply that Holocaust deniers are perhaps on to something. [9] In a Hegelian dialectic, Nolte argued that the Action Française was the thesis, Italian Fascism was the antithesis, and German National Socialism the synthesis of the two earlier fascist movements.[10]. Februar 2021 um 02:55 Uhr bearbeitet. Wasn’t the 'Gulag Archipelago' more original than Auschwitz? [86], In a 1987 essay, the Austrian-born Israeli historian Walter Grab accused Nolte of engaging in an “apologia” for Nazi Germany. pp. [102], In his 2005 book The Russian Roots of Nazism: White Émigrés and The Making of National Socialism, the American historian Michael Kellogg argued that there were two extremes of thinking about the origins of National Socialism, with Nolte arguing for a "causal nexus" between communism in Russia and Nazism in Germany, but the other extreme was represented by the American historian Daniel Goldhagen, whose theories ate a unique German culture of "eliminationist" anti-Semitism. April 1963 in Geldern) ist ein deutscher Historiker, Publizist und Professor am Friedrich-Meinecke-Institut der Freien Universität Berlin. La Miserable Pratique Des Sous-Entendus” pp. Nolte’s major interest is the comparative studies of fascism and communism (cf. [41] Nolte claimed if Germany had to continue to abide by Part V of the Treaty of Versailles, which had disarmed Germany, then Germany would have been destroyed by aggression from her neighbors sometime later in the 1930s, and with Germany's destruction, there would have been no hope for a "United States of Europe". All of Nolte's historical work has been heavily influenced by German traditions of philosophy. Ein Beitrag Noltes in der Frankfurter Allgemeinen Zeitung (FAZ) vom 6. There were other equally horrible acts of violence in the 20th century. The books Der Faschismus in seiner Epoche, Deutschland und der kalte Krieg, and Marxismus und industrielle Revolution (Marxism and the Industrial Revolution) formed a trilogy in which Nolte seeks to explain what he considered to be the most important developments of the 20th century. Angefangen bei der Doktorarbeit bis hin zur Gesellschaftsgeschichte, die nicht nur eine Emanzipation vom Lehrbetrieb bedeutete, sondern im weiteren Verlauf auch eine zunehmende Fokussierung auf Weber, wie Nolte … 537–551 from, "Die historisch-genetische Version der Totalitarismusthorie: Ärgernis oder Einsicht?" 511–539 from, Perfetti, Francesco “La concezione transpolitica della storia nel carteggio Nolte-Del Noce” pp. [30] Likewise, Nolte called for the end of what he regarded as the unfair stigma attached to German nationalism because of National Socialism, and demanded that historians recognize that every country in the world had at some point in its history had "its own Hitler era, with its monstrosities and sacrifices".[30]. Cannot Hitler's most secret deeds be explained by the fact that he had not forgotten the rat cage? From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. (interview with Nolte) pp. In Habermas's opinion, since Cambodia was a backward, Third World agrarian state and Germany a modern, industrial state, there was no comparison between the two genocides. Dem Text lagen Gedanken zugrunde, die er bereits am 24. Ein unpolemischer Essay (The Hysterical Dispute: An Unpolemical Essay) in which he largely defended Nolte against Wehler's criticisms. Another area of controversy was Nolte's 1987 book Der europäische Bürgerkrieg (The European Civil War) and some accompanying statements, by which Nolte appeared to flirt with Holocaust denial as a serious historical argument. How should we cope with a study that begins its discussion of the Cold War with Herodotus and the Greeks versus the Persians? 55–58 from, Mommsen, Hans “Das Ressentiment Als Wissenschaft: Ammerkungen zu Ernst Nolte’s, Nipperdey, Thomas "Der Faschismus in seiner Epoche: Zu den Werken von Ernst Nolte zum Faschismus" pp. 83–103 from, Gauweiler, Peter "Bocksgesang im Duett" pp. Ebenfalls in der Sezession schrieb er 2012 in Bezug auf Juden von einer angeblichen „antiwissenschaftlichen Ungleichbehandlung eines welthistorischen und in aller Differenzierung sehr aktiven Volkes […], das aus inneren und äußeren Gründen auf der Ausschließlichkeit seines Opferstatus zu beharren scheint“.[24]. [41] The British historian Richard J. Evans accused Nolte of engaging in a geopolitical fantasy.[42]. Er war dann noch kurze Zeit in Köln als Privatdozent tätig. The award attracted considerable public debate and was presented to Nolte by Horst Möller, the Director of the Institut für Zeitgeschichte (Institute for Contemporary History), who praised Nolte’s scholarship but tried to steer clear of Nolte’s more controversial claims. – Frankfurt a. M./Berlin: Propyläen 1990. He suggests that if one wishes to understand the Holocaust, one should begin with the Industrial Revolution in Britain, and then understand the rule of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia. With Ernst Nolte, Andreas Hillgruber, Helmut Kohl, Michael Stürmer. [67], Hagen Schulze, in an essay first published in Die Zeit on September 26, 1986, defended Nolte, together with Andreas Hillgruber, and argued that Habermas was acting from "incorrect presuppositions" in attacking Nolte and Hillgruber for denying the "singularity" of the Holocaust. Ernst Nolte - Ein Deutscher Streitfall - YouTube. Free delivery on qualified orders. He was the father of the legal scholar and judge of the International Court of Justice Georg Nolte. Some historians such as Hans-Ulrich Wehler were most forceful in arguing that the sufferings of the “kulaks” deported during the Soviet “dekulakization” campaign of the early 1930s were in no way analogous to the suffering of the Jews deported in the early 1940s. 315–406 from, Winkler, Karen "German Scholars Sharply Divided Over Place of the Holocaust in History" pp. Between 1965 and 1973, Nolte worked as a professor at the University of Marburg, and from 1973 to 1991 at the Free University of Berlin. Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism). Nolte's conclusion was that fascism was the great anti-movement: it was anti-liberal, anti-communist, anti-capitalist, and anti-bourgeois. Nolte cited the flight of Yuri Gagarin in 1961 as an example of “practical transcendence”, of how humanity was pressing forward in its technological development and rapidly acquiring powers traditionally thought to be only the province of the gods. [60], In a letter to the editor of Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung published on September 6, 1986 Karl Dietrich Bracher accused both Habermas and Nolte of both "...tabooing the concept of totalitarianism and inflating the formula of fascism". Maurras' and Hitler's real enemy was seen to be ‘freedom towards the infinite’ which, intrinsic in the individual and a reality in evolution, threatens to destroy the familiar and beloved. By ‘monotheism’ and ‘anti-nature’ he did not imply a political process: he related these terms to the tradition of Western philosophy and religion, and left no doubt that for him they were not only adjuncts of Rousseau's notion of liberty, but also of the Christian Gospels and Parmenides' concept of being. These were as follows: The British historian Richard J. Evans criticized Nolte, accusing him of taking too seriously the work of Holocaust deniers, whom Evans called cranks, not historians. [21] Nolte argues that Hitler was "logically consistent" in seeking genocide of the Jews because Hitler detested modernity and identified Jews with the things that he most hated in the world. 1076–1088 from, Shlaes, Amity "More History" pp. So wurde im Februar 1988 auf das auf dem Gelände der Freien Universität Berlin abgestellte Auto Noltes ein Brandanschlag verübt. See more ideas about history, history boys, chernobyl today. [87] Grab wrote that Nolte "mocks" the Jewish victims of National Socialism with his "absolutely infamous" statement that it was Weizmann with his letter that caused all of the Jewish death and suffering during the Holocaust.[87]. Noyabr: 1990: Writer . [23], The Three Faces of Fascism has been much praised[citation needed] as a seminal contribution to the creation of a theory of generic fascism based on a history of ideas, as opposed to the previous class-based analyses (especially the "Rage of the Lower Middle Class" thesis) that had characterized both Marxist and liberal interpretations of fascism. Diese Aufgabe wurde dann vom Direktor des Münchner Instituts für Zeitgeschichte, Horst Möller, übernommen. This prompted an epistolary exchange between the two of them in which Furet argued that both ideologies were totalitarian twins that shared the same origins, but Nolte maintained his views of a kausaler Nexus (causal nexus) between fascism and communism to which the former had been a response. 273–278 from, Gutman, Yisreal "Nolte and Revisionism" pp. He claimed that all three were “abnormal once”, but whereas the Soviet Union and Germany were now “normal” states, Israel was still “abnormal” and, in Nolte's view, in danger of becoming a fascist state that might commit genocide against the Palestinians. [23], Noch 2012 interpretierte Nolte in der neurechten Sezession den Nationalsozialismus als „eine Kopie des bolschewistischen Originals“. Zwischen Anfang und Ende der Geschichte?, das er selbst in einem Vortrag als sein Hauptwerk verstanden wissen wollte, intensivierte seine Thesen aus dem Historikerstreit noch einmal. [96], On 4 June 2000, Nolte was awarded the Konrad Adenauer Prize. The First World War had spawned the Bolshevik Revolution, he maintained, and fascism should be seen as a "counter-revolution" against communism. All this does not stop Klaus Hildebrand in the Historische Zeitschrift from commending Nolte’s “pioneering essay”, because it “attempts to project exactly the seemingly unique aspects of the history of the Third Reich onto the backdrop of the European and global development". [12], In den Jahren nach dem Höhepunkt des Historikerstreits wurde Nolte unter Historikern zunehmend isoliert. 657–675 from, Groppo, Bruno “"Revisionnisme" Historique Et Changement Des Paradigmes En Italie Et En Allemagne” pp. 4–7 from, Augstein, Rudolf "Ein historisches Recht Hitlers?" Jenseits dieser Abhängigkeiten zeigt uns Nolte den Historiker aber eben auch als Agens. [72], In an essay entitled "The Nazi Reign – A Case of Normal Tyranny? [28] In Nolte's view, the division of Germany made that nation the world's central battlefield between Soviet communism and American democracy, both of which were rival streams of the "transcendence" that had vanquished the Third Reich, the ultimate enemy of "transcendence". Nolte has little regard for specific historical context in his treatment of the history of ideas, opting to seek what Carl Schmitt labeled the abstract "final" or "ultimate" ends of ideas, which for Nolte are the most extreme conclusions which can be drawn from an idea, representing the ultima terminus of the "metapolitical". [43] Many historians, such as Steven T. Katz, claimed that Nolte's “Age of Genocide” concept “trivialized” the Holocaust by reducing it to one of just many 20th century genocides. Did Auschwitz in its root causes not originate in a past that would not pass? Some of the historians who denounced Nolte's views included Hans Mommsen, Jürgen Kocka, Detlev Peukert, Martin Broszat, Hans-Ulrich Wehler, Michael Wolffsohn, Heinrich August Winkler, Wolfgang Mommsen, Karl Dietrich Bracher and Eberhard Jäckel. Between 1995 and 1997, Nolte debated with the French historian François Furet in an exchange of letters on the relationship between fascism and communism. 389–417 from, “Zusammenbruch und Neubeginn: die Bedeutung des 8. Fascism and Communism offers readers the rare opportunity to witness and learn from a confrontation between two of the world's most distinguished historians over one of the most serious subjects of our time. Other objections aside, I cannot distinguish between the insinuation that world Jewry is a subject of international law and the usual anti-Semitic projections. These views ignited a firestorm of controversy. Subsequently, Nolte began studies in Zeitgeschichte (contemporary history). The Quarrel of the German Historians" pp. 655 S. In: Frankfurter Rundschau vom 11. Feb 13, 2015 - Explore Maria Schumacher's board "historiker" on Pinterest. The crux of Nolte's thesis was presented when he wrote: "It is a notable shortcoming of the literature about National Socialism that it does not know or does not want to admit to what degree all the deeds—with the sole exception of the technical process of gassing—that the National Socialists later committed had already been described in a voluminous literature of the early 1920s: mass deportations and shootings, torture, death camps, extermination of entire groups using strictly objective selection criteria, and public demands for the annihilation of millions of guiltless people who were thought to be "enemies". [74] In a letter to Otto Dov Kulka of 8 December 1986 Nolte criticized the work of French Holocaust denier Robert Faurisson on the ground that the Holocaust did in fact occur, but he went on to argue that Faurisson's work had admirable motives in the form of sympathy for Palestinians and opposition to Israel. After 1945 when Nolte received his BA in philosophy at Freiburg, he worked as a Gymnasium (high school) teacher. 36–41 from the, Weizmann's alleged 1939 “declaration of war”, Friedhof der St.-Matthias-Gemeinde (Berlin-Tempelhof), https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/debatten/deutscher-historiker-ernst-nolte-mit-93-jahren-gestorben-14394292.html, "Questions a Ernst Nolte (Interview with Nolte in French)", "Hitler Apologist Wins German Honor, and a Storm Breaks Out", Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Nolte&oldid=1007496912, Academics and writers on far-right extremism, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2014, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Articulating a theory of generic fascism as “resistance to transcendence”, and for his involvement in the. [8] Using the methods of phenomenology, Nolte subjected German Nazism, Italian Fascism, and the French Action Française movements to a comparative analysis. Impulse zur Historisierung des Nationalsozialismus, hrsg. [88], Nolte's opponents have expressed intense disagreement with his evidence for a Jewish "war" on Germany. 1994 war er einer der Autoren des neurechten Sammelbands Die selbstbewusste Nation, was ebenfalls überwiegend auf Unverständnis stieß. Er machte 1941 sein Abitur und begann sogleich ein Studium der Philosophie, Germanistik und der Altphilologie an den Universitäten Münster, Berlin und Freiburg im Breisgau. A Cautious Note On The Furet/Nolte Debate" pp. Seine These von einem kausalen Nexus zwischen den Verbrechen des Gulag-Systems in der Sowjetunion und dem Holocaust, der Vernichtung der europäischen Juden im Nationalsozialismus, löste 1986 … Cherribi Nolte IEIS Conference Arno J Mayer-001.jpg 1,200 × 800; 547 KB. [5][6] From 1944 onwards, Nolte was a close friend of the Heidegger family, and when in 1945 the professor feared arrest by the French, Nolte provided him with food and clothing for an attempted escape. 1985 erhielt er für seine „Verdienste um die Festigung und Förderung der Grundlagen eines freiheitlichen Gemeinwesens“ den Hanns Martin Schleyer-Preis. People also Searched. Aspects of the Third Reich, London, 1985). [9], Criticism from the left, for example by Sir Ian Kershaw, centered on Nolte's focus on ideas as opposed to social and economic conditions as a motivating force for fascism, and that Nolte depended too much on fascist writings to support his thesis. [9] The German historian Jen-Werner Müller wrote that Nolte "almost single-handedly" brought down the totalitarianism paradigm in the 1960s and replaced it with the fascism paradigm. 620–638 from, Nipperdey, Thomas, Doering-Manteuffel, Anselm & Thamer, Hans-Ulrich (editors), Moravcová, Dagmar "Interpretace fašismu v západoněmecké historiografii v 60. a 70. letech" pp. [70], The German political scientist Richard Löwenthal noted that news of the Soviet kulak expulsions and the Holodomor did not reach Germany until 1941, so that Soviet atrocities could not possibly have influenced the Germans as Nolte claimed. It was translated into English as Fascism and Communism in 2001. [29], Nolte ended Deutschland und der kalte Krieg with a call for Germans to escape their fate as the world's foremost battleground for the rival ideologies of American democracy and Soviet communism by returning to the values of the Second Reich. [17] Als einziger Fachwissenschaftler von Rang tat Nolte den Leuchter-Report von 1988 nicht als pseudowissenschaftliche Geschichtsfälschung ab. 1923) brought ideology into the equation. In his 1991 book Geschichtsdenken im 20. In recent years, Nolte focused on Islamism and "Islamic fascism". OpenLink Faceted Browser; OpenLink Structured Data Editor Jahrhundert führte er 1991 aus, es habe in besagtem Jahrhundert drei „außerordentliche Staaten“ gegeben, nämlich die UdSSR, das geteilte Deutschland und Israel. pp. On 6 June 1986 Nolte published a feuilleton opinion piece entitled "Vergangenheit, die nicht vergehen will: Eine Rede, die geschrieben, aber nicht mehr gehalten werden konnte" ("The Past That Will Not Pass: A Speech That Could Be Written but Not Delivered") in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. Read Hans-Ulrich Wehler: Historiker und Zeitgenosse book reviews & author details and more at Amazon.in. Finally, Nolte hinted at the possibility that the Holocaust had never happened at all. pp. [65] Fleischer argued that Nolte was only seeking the "historicization" of National Socialism that Martin Broszat had called for in a 1985 essay by trying to understand what caused National Socialism, with a special focus on the fear of communism. August 2016 in Berlin) war ein deutscher Historiker und Philosoph. [38] Nolte complained that excessive present-day interest in the Nazi period had the effect of drawing "attention away from the pressing questions of the present—for example, the question of "unborn life" or the presence of genocide yesterday in Vietnam and today in Afghanistan".[38]. Cherribi Nolte IEIS Conference Arno J Mayer.jpg 1,200 × 800; 615 KB. Earlier in 1986, Nolte had planned to deliver a speech before the Frankfurt Römerberg Conversations (an annual gathering of intellectuals), but he had claimed that the organizers of the event withdrew their invitation. Seine Forschungsschwerpunkte sind osteuropäische Geschichte, insbesondere Russlands und der UdSSR sowie Weltgeschichte. Coming to Nolte's defence were the journalist Joachim Fest, the philosopher Helmut Fleischer, and the historians Klaus Hildebrand, Rainer Zitelmann, Hagen Schulze, Thomas Nipperdey and Imanuel Geiss. [89], Because of the views that he expressed during the Historikerstreit, Nolte has often been accused of being a Nazi apologist and an anti-Semite. japanische Sängerin und Schauspielerin 1968: … In 1952, he received a PhD in philosophy at Freiburg for his thesis Selbstentfremdung und Dialektik im deutschen Idealismus und bei Marx (Self Alienation and the Dialectic in German Idealism and Marx). [53], In response to Habermas's essay, Klaus Hildebrand came to Nolte's defence. [55] In the same letter, Nolte described himself as the unnamed historian whose views on the reasons for the Holocaust had caused Saul Friedländer to walk out in disgust from a dinner party hosted by Nolte in Berlin in February or March 1986 that Habermas had alluded to an earlier letter[56][57]. At Freiburg, Nolte was a student of Martin Heidegger, whom he acknowledges as a major influence. In particular, controversy centered on an argument of Nolte's 1985 essay “Between Myth and Revisionism” from the book Aspects of the Third Reich, first published in German as "Die negative Lebendigkeit des Dritten Reiches" ("The Negative Vitality of the Third Reich") as an opinion piece in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung on 24 July 1980, but which did not attract widespread attention until 1986 when Jürgen Habermas criticized the essay in a feuilleton piece. deutscher Schriftsteller 1927: Herbert Aulich, deutscher Maler, Grafiker und Objektkünstler 1927: Ignatz Bubis, deutscher Kaufmann und Politiker, Vorsitzender 13. [9] Nach Ansicht des Erziehungswissenschaftlers Micha Brumlik ist Nolte damit „der erste deutsche, einigermaßen renommierte Gelehrte, der sowohl den Antisemitismus als auch den Holocaust nicht nur ‚versteht‘, sondern offen rechtfertigt“. Januar. It is equally obvious that he regarded the unity of world economics, technology, science and emancipation merely as another and more recent form of ‘anti-nature’. Ernst Nolte body measurments, height, weight and age details. Hildebrand is pleased that Nolte denies the singularity of the Nazi atrocities”. 36–39 from, Review: Ein Höhepunkt der Heidegger-Kritik? 285–301 from, Kitchen, Martin "Ernst Nolte And The Phenomenology Of Fascism" pp. [35] One of Nolte's leading critics, British historian Richard J. Evans, claims that the organizers of the Römerberg Conversations did not withdraw their invitation, and that Nolte had just refused to attend. [103] Kellogg argued that his book represented an attempt at adopting a middle position between Nolte's and Goldhagen's positions but that he leaned closer to Nolte's by contending that anti-Bolshevik and anti-Semitic Russian émigrés played an underappreciated key role in the 1920s in the development of Nazi ideology, their influence on Nazi thinking about Judeo-Bolshevism being especially notable.[104]. [41] Nolte wrote that "if Europe was to succeed in establishing itself as a world power on an equal footing [with the United States and the Soviet Union], then Germany had to be the core of the new 'United States'". [52], In particular, Habermas took Nolte to task for suggesting a moral equivalence between the Holocaust and the Khmer Rouge genocide. Later in the 1970s, Nolte was to reject aspects of the theory of generic fascism that he had championed in The Three Faces of Fascism and instead moved closer to embracing totalitarian theory as a way of explaining both Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. Als Störenfried, Alphatier, Netzwerker und notorisch polarisierender Polemiker. [15] Der Rezensent des Jahrbuchs für die Geschichte Mittel- und Ostdeutschlands kritisierte, dass Nolte offenkundig ein Naturrecht auf einen solchen Gegenschlag annehme, ganz gleich, ob die peripheren Äußerungen dieser jüdischen Intellektuellen je nennenswert rezipiert wurden: „In transzendentalistischer Spekulation reicht der Nachweis, daß etwas geschrieben wurde, schon für seine Wirksamkeit aus“.
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